Environmental Study of Genetic Behavior of Oil and Protein Ratio with Correlation Yield of Zea maize L

Jassim Jawad Jader Al Nuaimi, Ali Ahmed Hussein Al Myali, Haider Talib Hussein

Ekoloji, 2019, Issue 107, Pages: 141-151, Article No: e107011

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Abstract

Crop yield is one of the complex characters controlled by several interacting genotypic and environmental factors. A field experiment is conducted at Babylon farm, Mashroo Al-Musaib, for five seasons (spring and autumn) 2014, 2015 and 2016. The study has some: to study the types of gene action, inheritance of important characters and to determine the combining ability in advanced generations of inbreads Zea maize. In the first season, diallel cross with one direction (half diallel) which was done among six genotypes of Zea maize: IK8, ZP, DK, M2, W17.161, IK58, and R153. The second season is a field experiment conducted for all crosses with parents using RCBD. Data is analyzed by Griffing method 2 fixed Model. Statistical analysis results reveal high significant differences among the genotypes in all studied characters. Variances values are estimated from additive and non-additive gene action, average degree of dominance and heritability in Zea maize and narrow sense. Genetic analysis shows that there is a significant difference for GCA and SCA for all the studied characters, indicating a predominance of non-additive gene action. The average degree of dominance is more than one for all the studied characters in all generations, which indicates the effects of over dominance. The estimation of heritability in Zea maize shows high values for most studied characters, while heritability in narrow sense has low values except grain yield per plant. Parent DK has the highest positive effect of general combining ability in the crosses (IK8XR153) in F1 in grain yield, oil and protein ratio. The expected genetic advance value increases with inbreeding advance. There is a positive effect of genotypic, environmental, phnotypic correlation for yield with protein and oil ratio for all generations under study. The highest hybrid vigor is noticed in zea maize because of the genetic diversity between genotypic. Yield gives the largest expected advance in F3 which is 1.73 with expected genetic percentage 7.74%. The main conclusions from these results, that is a continuous variance in genetic parameters, yield and its components for parents and these crosses in all the studied generations because the segregate generations and the characters are not well stabilized till F5 or F6, so these crosses must be grown to a successive generations to develop new genotypes with high oil, protein and yielding ability.

Keywords

Zea maize, griffing, protein and oil, genetic behavior, GCA and SCA, environmental factors

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