The Role of Auditory Cues in Prey Location by the Spider Pardosa Pseudoannulata

Wang Bo

Ekoloji, 2018, Issue 103, Pages: 17-21, Article No: e103003

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Abstract

The role of auditory cues in prey location by the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata was investigated. The effects of the distance from the sound source (4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm, 12 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm) and sound pause interval (0 s, 1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 7 s, 9 s, 11 s) on prey location were measured. Morphology, quantity, and distribution of cuticular sensillae of P. pseudoannulata were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Spider speed (y) and sound source distance (x) were negatively correlated. Spider movements at 4 cm (5.12 ± 0.40 cm/min) and 6 cm (5.45 ± 0.31 cm/min) sound source distance were significantly faster (P < 0.05) than at other distances. Spider movement was slowest at 14 cm (2.95 ± 0.11 cm/min) and 16 cm (2.63 ± 0.11 cm/min) distances. At 6 cm distance, spider speed decreased with an increase in sound pause interval. When the sound pause intervals were 1 s and 3 s, spider speed peaked at 5.02 ± 0.31 cm/min and 5.15 ± 0.40 cm/min, respectively. As the sound pause interval increased, the spider speed decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and was 2.36 ± 0.15 cm/min when the sound pause interval was 11 s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that P. pseudoannulata has many, widely distributed trichobothria on the pedipalps, first pair of legs, and the tibia of the fourth pair of legs. A few isolated slit sensillae were mainly distributed in the tarsus and tibia of the pedipalps. Lyriform organs were widely distributed and found on chelicerae, pedipalps and legs, and tibia segments. These results indicate that P. pseudoannulata is highly sensitive to sound and vibrations.

Keywords

Pardosa pseudoannulata, sound source distance, sound pause interval, predation speed, cuticular sensilla

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