Analysis of the Motion and Dynamic Characteristics of Subaqueous Debris Flows
Yuelou Cai, Lei Nie, Min Zhang, Shiwei Shen, Yan Xu
Issue: 103, Pages: 1-7, Article No: e103001, Year: 2018
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Subaqueous debris flow is one of the most important marine geological disasters. Understanding the subaqueous debris flow is related to the safety of marine engineering and the development of the national economy. In this paper, the subaqueous debris flow is taken as the research object. Through a comparative study of terrestrial debris flow, combined with existing research results, the characteristics, motion characteristics and motion dynamics of subaqueous debris flow are studied, and the future research direction of subaqueous debris flow is discussed. The study shows that the water pressure during the motion process of subaqueous debris flow can not be ignored. Physical model test and numerical simulation are the most important research methods at present. How to accurately measure the parameters of the motion process in the physical model test is a difficult problem. In the numerical simulation, the constitutive model and the coupling of multiphase medium need to be further studied. A large number of measured data, physical experiments and numerical simulation data remain to be accumulated. It is a direction to study the kinetic theory of subaqueous debris flow from the point of view of plastic fluid mechanics and energy conversion.
Keywords: subaqueous debris flow, flow characteristics, motion process, velocity, impact force
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A New Species of Murina from China (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae)
Xiang Zeng, Jian Chen, Huaiqing Deng, Ning Xiao, Jiang Zhou
Issue: 103, Pages: 9-16, Article No: e103002, Year: 2018
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
Three tube-nosed bats (one male and two female) were captured during Chiroptera investigation at the Maolan National Nature Reserve in Libo County, Guizhou Province in July 2016. It was identified as a new species through the morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis. The new specie differ morphologically, morphometrically, and genetically from previously described species of Murina. Morphological differences include pelage color, size, skull shape and tooth morphology. Analysis of mitochondrial DNA barcodes of the Cytb gene supports valid species status based on divergent phylogenetic lineages. This species has a higher similarity with Murina cyclotis and Murina peninsularis in morphology, however, there are obvious difference in skull morphlogy and phylogenetic relationship among these three species. It is a new species of Murina, and named Murina liboensis sp.nov.
Keywords: new species, murina, morphometrics, China, Chiroptera
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The Role of Auditory Cues in Prey Location by the Spider Pardosa Pseudoannulata
Wang Bo
Issue: 103, Pages: 17-21, Article No: e103003, Year: 2018
[Abstract]
Full Text: (PDF)
[References]
ABSTRACT
The role of auditory cues in prey location by the spider Pardosa pseudoannulata was investigated. The effects of the distance from the sound source (4 cm, 6 cm, 8 cm, 10 cm, 12 cm, 14 cm, 16 cm) and sound pause interval (0 s, 1 s, 3 s, 5 s, 7 s, 9 s, 11 s) on prey location were measured. Morphology, quantity, and distribution of cuticular sensillae of P. pseudoannulata were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy. Spider speed (y) and sound source distance (x) were negatively correlated. Spider movements at 4 cm (5.12 ± 0.40 cm/min) and 6 cm (5.45 ± 0.31 cm/min) sound source distance were significantly faster (P < 0.05) than at other distances. Spider movement was slowest at 14 cm (2.95 ± 0.11 cm/min) and 16 cm (2.63 ± 0.11 cm/min) distances. At 6 cm distance, spider speed decreased with an increase in sound pause interval. When the sound pause intervals were 1 s and 3 s, spider speed peaked at 5.02 ± 0.31 cm/min and 5.15 ± 0.40 cm/min, respectively. As the sound pause interval increased, the spider speed decreased significantly (P < 0.05) and was 2.36 ± 0.15 cm/min when the sound pause interval was 11 s. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that P. pseudoannulata has many, widely distributed trichobothria on the pedipalps, first pair of legs, and the tibia of the fourth pair of legs. A few isolated slit sensillae were mainly distributed in the tarsus and tibia of the pedipalps. Lyriform organs were widely distributed and found on chelicerae, pedipalps and legs, and tibia segments. These results indicate that P. pseudoannulata is highly sensitive to sound and vibrations.
Keywords: Pardosa pseudoannulata, sound source distance, sound pause interval, predation speed, cuticular sensilla
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